Ĭardiomyopathies (CMP): CMP is a disease in which there are functional and structural heart muscle abnormalities in the absence of CAD, HBP, valvular, or congenital heart disease. However, the role of coronary revascularization in reducing HF-related morbidity and mortality is still controversial, and viability testing may be useful to select the population that may benefit from revascularization. CAD is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with acute HF. Several tachyarrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter or non sustained ventricular tachycardia is common in patients with CAD and can deteriorate the cardiac function more.

Myocardial infarction (MI) also causes dyssynchronous contraction of the infarcted segment, subsequent remodeling of the ventricle, ventricular dilatation with annular dilation, and mitral regurgitation that predispose to HF and decrease the CO. This scar formation may also correlate with aneurysm formation, and that further impairs contractile performance and relaxation. Coronary artery disease (CAD): chronic and acute ischemia causes direct damage to the myocardium and leads to remodeling and scar formation, resulting in inadequate relaxation in diastole and impaired contraction in systole, which decreases contractility and cardiac output (CO).

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